Masonry structure



May I, 1923.

1,453,557 w. F. WAGNER MAS ONR Y STRUCTURE.

Filed'Juno 29. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet i 2 May 1, 1923.

W. F. \NAGN'ER MASONRY STRUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet a vwentoz Filed 'June 29 WILLIAM F. WAGNER, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

masomw s'rinue'r'oan Application filed lune 29, 1922. Serial No. 571,799.,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM F. lVAeNnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Masonry Structures, the following is a specification.

This invention relates to masonry structures, such-as walls for buildings, pillars and piers and other enclosures and supports. In particular it is concerned with masonry constructions formed by filling up previously of which arranged molds with cementitious matter so:

as to obtain substantially, monolithic masses. The main object underlying the invention is to dispense with the temporary molds made of wood or metal which ,were hitherto used in building, which moldsjdorming no part of the resultant wall or pier, were rc-. moved and the wooden moldsjdiscarded as of no further value after the completibn of said wall or pier, and therefore made such methods not only 'slow but very costly.

Under my invention the mold into which the cementitious matter entering into the mass of the wall or pier-is introduced or poured is constructed of blocks of any suitable masonry material, such as factitious stone, brick or tile-material, such blocks constituting the exterior surfaces of the wall or other masonry structure and when desired encasing steel columns and the like, preferably leaving space around them for receiving cement 01' other fire-proof material, and said blocks. being combined with means .for retaining them in alignment and proper position during the pouring operation, and finally forming substantially one integral I mass with the cementitious filling material in the completed structure.

It is a further object of the invention to provide means whereby said blocks, which serve the double purpose of mold and wellblocks, can be readily setup in courses. properly aligned and braced to form the-exterior surfaces of a finished wall or pier, and furnish a sufficiently stable'mold to permit the introduction of the cemeutitious filling material without disarranging' said exterior surfaces, and whereby such work can be done without requiring a high order of skilled labor.

' I attain these objects under my invention by forming the said exterior surface and mold-blocks with inner supports, preferably prm'idcd with grooves, for receiving aligning rods which accurately .fitsaid grooves and are of such length as to span a number of said blocks so as to hold th outer surfaces of said blocks in true alignment.' I prefer to arrange such aligning grooves on a flange formed at one edge of each block,

said flnage extending the entire height of, the block. This flange, which makes the block L-shaped in horizontal crosssection,

increases the stability of the same when set up on edge, as is the case in building a wall structure, and permits them to be made relatively thin and in the form of slabs or tiles, thereby largely decreasing the cost of the more expensive material entering into the resultant composite masonry structure. Thesefblocks are further providedat their upper-anddower horizontal surfaces with recessest'grsocketsfor receiving the bent ends of tie bars' or braces connecting oppositely arranged mold and wall blocks and also connecting adjoining blocks. They are,.moreovcr, provided with vertical tongues" or tenons at one end of each and'with a vertical groove at the other end and also at the end of the flange, adapted to engage with and receive the tenonof an adjoining block, equally as well when the blocks are aligned as when they are set at right angles, for turning corners, without requiring the use of special blocks therefore, as at present.

These building and mold-blocks are so constructed that ither horizontal surface thereof canbe placed uppermost in building up the combined mold and outer lining of the masonry structure, and, by assembling them so that their position is reversed for alter hating courses, and making the vertical flanges of the superimposed blocks to coincide in vertical alignment, th blocks of succeeding courses will break joint, thereby adding to the stability and the appearance of the whole.

'' Under my invention I am enabled to erect units or blocks needed with a few molds, and to keep them in stock as bricks or tiles are ordinarily stored for use.

Other features of my invention will be set forth hereinafter and pointed out in the claims.

With these and such other objects in view and realized advantages, as will be apparent from the description, my invention resides;

in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts. as hereinafter described and claimed, taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents an isometric view of a portion of two abutting walls in course of erection with reinforcing and alignment rods and tie bars in place, and walls broken off and partially filled with concrete.

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view of two abutting lengths otwall provided with a corner column or pier, and filled with con crete and the aligning and reinforcing rods and tying bars in position, one wall embracing a pilaster and the other showing part of a window opening with its framing indicated in section.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section of two abutting lengths of plain wall, tilled with concrete and reinforced.

Figure l is a vertical sectional view of several courses of a wall, taken along the lines 1-4 of Figures 3 and 6, showing the connections of the tie bars and blocks.

Figure 5 is a horizontal section of a de tached square pier, reinforced and filled with concrete.

Figure 6 shows an isometric view of my improved block or tile.

Figure 7 is a cross tie bar or transverse anchor adapted to hold two parallel blocks in position.

Figure 8 represents. an anchor bar or dowel clamp for connecting two interlock innblocks, and

Figure 9 is a plan view of a triangular shaped anchor rod suitable i" or reinforcing pilasters. columns or. piers.

. Referring now to the drawings and in particular to Figure 6, 1 represents the rectanular body portion of the l..-shaped building lock or tile which is constructed of suitable .material, such as plaster of Paris, clay. or

terra cotta. but is preferably composed of a cementit-ious material such as a mixture of concrete sand and cement. Extending at right angles to the body portion 1 of the block is a short arm, flange or support 2, preferably of approximately the same height and thickness as the said body portion. The body portion 1 preferably contains longitudinal grooves 3 and 3 respectively, positioned at its top and bottom, extending parallel with the flat sides of the block and serving to receive groating or jointing mortar and preferably furnished with sockets or re- "cesses 6 and 6? and 6 of which sockets 6 I groove 4-, adapted to engage a tongue, tenon or dowel 5 provided on the free end of each block. A vertical groove 7 is also provided on the free end of the arm 2, likewise adapted to engage the tongue or tenon 5 of an acljoning block in forming wall corners. The top and bottom portions of each block and arm 2 are preferably made identical so that the blocks can be reversed with each course and the arm formed with grooves 8 and 8 extending from the body portion 1 to the ends of the groove 7, and provided with recesses 9 at the junction. of the arm with said body portion to receive the ends of cross tie bars 11, in straight wall construction, and also to receive the ends of dowel clamps 12 in turning corners and in pier construction. Each arm preferably contains curved-botton'ied grooves '10 and 10' for receiving and supporting longitudinal aligning rods 13. I The faces or the body portion 1 may either be left smooth or furnished with grooves 14 for holding stucco, plaster or the like. i

in Figure l the touting is indicated by the numeral 21, and similar reference characters to those heretofore used indicate simi lar parts in the partly assembled structure. In Figure 2 are shown. horizontal sections of two abutting walls provided with a square corner column or pier 15, an. engaged square columnar pillar or pilaster ltl. each preferably furnished with vertical rein-forcing rods 17. 17 and 18and 18 respectively, and a plurality of horizontal anchoring rods l9, l9 and 19*. shown in Figure 9 and preferably made of steel and bent to tit around two of the rods 17 and 17 1 or 18 and 18 At the right end of the upper wall section of Figure 2 a portion of a metal window frame 20 is indicated, and shows that my improved buildirlgr blocks are-adapted to form operings in a wall Without the necessity of cutting them to fit said openings. v Each tie bar 11 is preferably made of jun flat bar of steel with T-shaped bent ends- 11 and 11 The dowel clamps 12 are preferably made of similar material, but with ill parallel 7 rows of blocks.

insert vertical reinforcing rods, into the,

portions, such as means? ingblocks in each course, and containing four vertical reinforcing rods 18, 18 to gether with four anchoring rods 19 and 19 and four dowel clamps 12 in position.

In practicing my invention, 1 usually proceed as follows in uilding a Wall:

I first lay the blocks on the footing in two parallel rows spaced apart by fitting the vertical tenons and grooves of adjacent blocks into one another so as to interlock them, then place the preferably round aligning rods in the upper grooves of the supporting arms or flanges of a series of blocks, and the ends of the Hat dowel clamps and the bars in the recesses adapted to receive them wherever required, and imbed them in a thin joint of mortar. I now lay down a new course of reversed blocks on the first course with their arms in vertical alignment and repeat the above outlined procedure. for as many courses as desired, but usually 2 to 4 courses, and finally pour cementitious material, usually concrete, into the space between the two If desired, I may hardening but stillplastic concrete, and then continue laying the blocks and re eating the above procedure until the desire height of wall is reached.

It is to be understood, of course, that the surface of my building structure or Wall may be describfi esbeing flat, which it is in a general or distant perspective, notwithstanding the fact that it may be provided with projecting or depressed members or pilasters, columns, piers, iffiptingsand framing for openings and the In building-piers, as in the case of flat Walls, all necessity of cutting is avoided with my improved-blocks, their adaptability constituting a signal advantage over ordinary building blocks.

It is believed that 30% of the present cost of erecting walls of buildings may be saved by the employment of my improved tiles. In the present practice. wooden forms. once used, becauseof their containing nails. and

their being made up of lumber cut in unusual shapes, 'enerally are of little or no further use. .L oreover, theseforms must be held in place by wiring, stays or other adjustments. .As against iron forms my combined mold and building tiles may be set up in at least the same time as the former, but do not have to be taken down, as both the wooden and iron mold forms used at present must be, for my tiles remain as an integral part of the monolithic wall. Finally, in present practice the setting of the concrete necessitates a delay of several days, before the tempo: 'lly forms can be removed, which delay I avoid.

Columns are usually about 10 or 12 feet high. and the molds must be built up to this It is to be understood, of course, that piers,

pilasters or columns, constructed according to my process may he of any desired p0lygo-' 'nal cross section, Without departing from the essence of myinvention.

What I claim as new is:

1. In a masonry structure, two series of blocks arranged apart so as to leave a space between them, the blocks of each series being provided with inner retaining supports and with socketsion their upper surfaces, in com-' blnation with aligning rods engaging the retaining supports and each spanning a munber of said blocks, and transverse tie bars, each engaging the sockets of opposite blot-lie with its ends.

2. In a masonry structure. two series of blocks, each series being arranged in superimposed horizontal courses and so as to leave a space between the two series. the blocks being provided with inner retaining supports and with sockets on their upper surfaces in combination with aligning rods en gaging said retaining supports, tie bars, each engaging the sockets of opposite blocks with its ends, and a cementitious filling in the space between the two series and forming an integral mass with the said blocks.

3. In a masonry structure, a wall containlng a rectangular projecting member, both wall and member having outer and inner faces built of interlocking blocks. and the space between said faces filled with cementitious material to form a monolithic struc ture, said wall having horizontal aligning rods extending into said member, and said member having a plurality of vertical strengthening rods and horizontal triangular-shaped anchoring rods bent around a pair of said vertical rods and extending toward the center of said member to retain said vertical rods in position.

4. In a masonry structure. a Wall section" provided with a rectai'igular column, said column being built of l..-shaped interlocking: blocks of masonry to form a hollow mold and having metallic members for aligning reinforcin" and tying said blocks in its in terior, an said mold being filled With cementitious material.

5. A masonry structure comprising interlocking exterior blocks arranged in a column ill) having a rectangular cross section and a plurality of vertical reinforcing rods in combination with substantially horizontal anchor rods bent into angular shape, and each embracing two of the reinforcing rods and with its free arm extending substantially toward the center of said column, the interior of said column being filled with cenientitious material. I

6. A masonry structure comprising a plurality of exterior blocks and dowel clamps connecting adjoining blocks, said blocks being arranged "to form a column having a polygonal cross section and a plurality of substantially vertical reinforcing rods arranged in the space formed by said blocks, in combination with substantially horizontal anchor rods bent into angular shape, and each embracing two of the reinforcing rods and with its free arm extending substantially toward the center of said column, the interior of said column being filled with cementitious material.

7. An L-shaped building and mold block for masonry structures'comprising a body portion and an inwardly and rectangnlarly extending flange provided at one end of said body portion, said body portion and flange being of substantially the szhne thickness and height, and having substantially plane sides, and said flange being provided with a groove adapted to hold an aligning rod without cement against lateral move ment.

8. A building and mold block for masonry structures comprising a main or body portion provided witlrsockets at its upper surface for the reception of the ends of tie bars and dowel clamps and a vertical flange tending inward at one of its side-edges, said flange being formed with a groove for fitting an aligning rod.

9. A building and mold block for masonry structures comprising a flat main portion provided at its upper surface with a longitudinal groove and a recess for the reception of the end of atie bar and at one of its sideedges with an im'vardly extending vertical flange, said flange being formed with a groove for receiving and retaining an alignin'gf rod.

10. A building and mold block for masonrystructures comprising a body portion and a flange portion forming an L With each other, the ends of said body-portion adjacent said flange, and said flange portion be ing provided with a groove, a tongue at the other end of said body-portion adapted t fit into either of said grooves, so that adjzicent blocks will interlock either when placed in longitudinal alignment or at right angles with each other, and the body and flange portions having sockets both at their tops and bases for receiving the ends of connecting members for holding adjacent and opposite blocks in predetermined relation to each other.

ll. An L- shaped building and mold-block comprising a main or body portion formed at one end with a tongue or tenon and at the other end with a mortise for engaging the tongue or tenon of an adjoining block when placed in longitudinal alignment, and a flange portion also formed. at its end with a mortise for engaging the tongue or tenon of an adjoining block in turning wall corners.

12. An L-shaped building and mold-block comprising a main or body portion and a vertical flange-portion, the body portion being provided at one end with a vertical tenon and at the other end with a mortise, and the flange-portion with a vertical mortise at its end, and also with a longitudinal groove for the reception of an aligning rod both at top and bdttoxn.

13. An L-shaped building and mold-block comprising a main or body portion and a vertical flange portion extending the entire height of the block, the upper and lower surfaces of the main portion being formed with sockets for the reception of the ends of tie bars or dowel clamps, and the upper and lower surfaces of the flange portion being formed with grooves for fitting aligning rods.

(v 1%. din L-shaped building and mold-block comprising a main or body portion and a vertical flange portion extending the entire height of the block, the upper and lower surfaces of the main portion being formed with sockets near each end reception of or the the ends o't dowel clam and one or more intermediate sockets for receiving the ends of tie bars,-and the flange portion having sockets adapted to receive the ends of either cross tie-bars-or dowel clamps.

Witt F. VVAGNE-R.

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